New European Bauhaus Prizes 2023

Initiative category

Identify the award category for which this initiative is being submitted
Reconnecting with nature

Email user
ana.sabanovic@arh.bg.ac.rs

Basic information
Initiative title
Belgrade's urban community gardens

Full initiative Title
Urban strategic development projects to support the community gardens civic initiative in Belgrade 

Please provide a short, catchy description of your initiative to be used in communication towards the public.
Citizens of Belgrade, for more than a decade, have been trying to formalize their initiative for urban community gardens. However, this kind of urban social practice, implemented in many European cities, in Serbia is not an easy government task due to many post-socialist transition constraints. Within this initiative, the Academy’s effort to enable communication and connect decision-makers with citizens was fruitful and opened the door for Belgrade's urban community gardens enactment.

What was the geographical scope of your intiative?
Regional

Where was your intiative implemented?
Member State(s) and Western Balkans
Serbia

If relevant, insert names of region(s)/municipality(ies) involved
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Does your initiative address mainly urban or rural issues?
Mainly urban

Does your initiative refer to a physical transformation of the built environment or other types of transformations (hard or soft investments)?
It refers to other types of transformations (soft investment)

Has your initiative benefited from EU programmes and/or funds?
No

Has your initiative won an EU prize with a monetary value awarded?
No

Does your initiative has a minimum level of maturity? The minimum level of maturity is exemplified by stakeholder/ initiative promoter commitment to implement the initiative in practice and a clear methodology /approach.
Yes

On whose behalf are you submitting the application?
As a representative of an organisation
Please provide the contact details for the project promoter (the individual or representative of the organisation authorised to represent the project)
- Name of the organisation(s): Faculty of Architecture - University of Belgrade
  Type of organisation: University or another research institution
  First name of representative: Ratka
  Last name of representative: Čolić
  Gender: Female
  Nationality: Serbia
  Function: Head of the course Integral Project 3_Integral Urban Strategies
  Address (country of permanent residence for individuals or address of the organisation)<br/>Street and number: Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73/II
  Town: Belgrade
  Postal code: 11120
  Country: Serbia
  Direct Tel: +381 63 692470
  E-mail: colic.ratka@gmail.com
  Website: http://www.arh.bg.ac.rs/en/?pismo=lat
Social Media accounts (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, etc.)
- URL: https://www.facebook.com/facultyofarchitecture.belgrade/
- URL: https://www.youtube.com/user/belgradeFoA
- URL: https://www.instagram.com/arhbgd/?hl=en
- URL: https://www.flickr.com/photos/arhitektonski_fakultet_beograd/albums
In case my initiative is selected as a finalist of the NEB Prizes 2023, I agree to share the name (individual and/or organisation’s), email address, website and social media accounts indicated above with other NEB Prizes finalists. I also agree to publish the name (individual and/or organisation’s), website and social media accounts indicated above next to the public description of my initiative in the channels of the European Commission.
Yes

How did you hear about the New European Bauhaus Prizes?
New European Bauhaus or European Commission websites

Description of the initiative
Please provide a summary of your initiative
This initiative responds to development issues in the City of Belgrade. There are significant social critics of urban environmental conditions, along with numerous construction initiatives with high built capacity demand, leading to overall urban greening reduction. Consequently, the urban densification trend leads to reduced quality of common public spaces, which makes communities with existing socio-economic issues even more vulnerable. There is a governance effort to control and preserve urban green. However, the powerplays between the investment lobby and other stakeholders’ interests, including city administration, usually end with the win of the economic benefits over the social or environmental issues. The significant gaps in conceptual, professional, and social organizational operations are recognized as the core problem of urban governance in Belgrade. Therefore, the overall initiative goal is to influence the commonly established process of urban development decision-making, aiming to introduce new and innovative practices that balance economic with social and environmental values. The main objectives are targeted toward the introduction of the healthy city concept and promotion of NbS (Nature Based Solutions), building up the professional capacities for co-creation and innovation of new strategic development instruments for sustainable urban transformations. The University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture, through the research by design within the studio of Master academic studies – Integral urbanism, in tight collaboration with relevant stakeholders, experimented on the topic of the enaction of urban community gardens in Belgrade. The initiative resulted in improved stakeholders' communication, shared recognition of urban community gardens' benefits, and several pilot strategic pilot projects that represent immediate action roadmaps, which led to the formalization of the community gardens' concept within the urban planning system.

Please indicate the main themes of your initiative with 5 key words.
academic education

Please indicate the main themes of your initiative with key words
urban strategic development projects

Please indicate the main themes of your initiative with key words
co-creation

Please indicate the main themes of your initiative with key words
quadruple helix approach

Please indicate the main themes of your initiative with key words
Nature-based Solutions 

Please give information about the key objectives of your initiative in terms of sustainability and how these have been/will be met. Please highlight how the initiative can be exemplary in this context.
The key objective in terms of sustainability was to enable the Agenda 2030 localization. The necessity of an integrated approach to urban development in Serbia is underlined by the national Strategy of sustainable urban development (2019). However, it is still not fully recognized and accepted locally. In Belgrade, sustainability issues are treated by sectoral environmental policies that focus on protection and climate action. However, many other opportunities that could contribute to environmental quality are not recognized. One of these is community gardens. This research shows that they could have much more complex beneficial impacts on the city and citizens’ quality of life besides the usually recognized benefit of utilizing green spaces along infrastructural corridors. Performed co-creation process, inspired by the exploration of experiences of numerous good practices of European cities, showed that implementation of community gardens could significantly contribute to the sustainability of the city. The initiative advocated that gardening as urban activity fosters urban greening policies, contributes to social inclusion efforts, and provides new economic opportunities for vulnerable communities. Exploring the territory of Belgrade, significant urban capacities were recognized as potentially suitable for urban gardening: from unused/unbuilt urban sites, brownfield locations, unmaintained public open greeneries to the vast amount of flat rooftop surfaces of modernist housing blocks. Activating this potential with different NbS innovations could significantly contribute to air pollution reduction, rainwater management, and microclimate improvement. Therefore, the recognition of the potential values of urban gardening was crucial for co-creation. Creating the syntagm “community gardens” was also one of the critical steps in creating the field of opportunities in resolving numerous socio-economic issues of initiative sustainability.

Please give information about the key objectives of your initiative in terms of aesthetics and quality of experience for people (through design, positive emotions and cultural benefits) and how these have been met. Please highlight how the initiative can be exemplary in this context.
The key objective of the initiative in terms of aesthetics and quality of experience for people was to enable the urban design to be shared and owned by people. The usual practice assumes professional design approaches, which often stay alienated or criticized by the users when implemented. In this case, the urban design process was envisioned as bottom-up collaborative, including as many end users as possible, to have co-created design solutions. The co-creation performed was beneficial for all participants included. Students, the future professionals, had the opportunity to finetune their design proposals through direct communications with users, and with the city authorities' representatives to ensure realistic implementation.
On the other hand, communication throughout the design process enabled other stakeholders to change their understanding and personal perspective on viable solutions. The whole co-creation process was a learning experience for all, and it was recognized as a valuable experience. As a result, the citizens expressed their ownership of the proposed solutions, understanding their role and responsibility.
On the other hand, city administration representatives in direct communication with users showed readiness to think creatively and out of usual routines. The professionals benefited from the experience of communication and collaboration facilitation, testing the numerous techniques of presentation, and communicating the design ideas. The award of the International Salon of Urbanism – 2022, shows that the initiative contributed not only to the positive emotions and experiences of the participants involved but also provided the means to influence the culture of improving the quality of urban environments, as the rewarding multidisciplinary committee underlined.

Please give information about the key objectives of your initiative in terms of inclusion (ranging from accessibility and affordability for all to inclusive governing systems, design for all principles or new societal models) and how these have been met. Please highlight how the initiative can be exemplary in this context.
The key objective of the initiative in terms of inclusion was to ensure the implementation of a universal/design for all principles (Zero 2020 award for the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture for Design for all education) and to address a variety of community groups' needs, especially vulnerable ones in terms of ensuring economic security, social integration, etc. The co-creation process was designed as bottom-up based on thorough contextual and stakeholder analysis. It enabled researchers to tailor strategies for strengthening vulnerable groups and preparing them for an informed and constructive co-creation process. This implied performing conceptual and good practices presentations and discussions, conceptual workshops, and focused groups considering the technical, regulative, and organizational aspects of implementations. Especially valuable were communications with the organizations from the region, whose experiences and good practices were recognizable and understandable from the perspective of Belgrade's local context.
Additionally, these implemented solutions represented a positive competitive influence on the Belgrade city administration in seeking an adequate regulatory framework to implement and formalize the community gardens. The communication process resulted in shared recognition of community gardens as an instrument of urban sustainability. The formally submitted initiative was accepted in the enactment of the General Regulation Plan for the construction area of Belgrade in 2022, where is stated that a detailed study on gardening typology and scope within the territory of Belgrade should be done as a base for the new Master strategic urban plan of Belgrade by 2041, which is currently in the process of development.

Please explain the way citizens benefiting from or affected by the initiative and civil society have been/will be involved in the initiative and what has been/will be the impact of this involvement on the initiative
The Course was implemented through a partnership between the faculty and two civil associations: “Econaut” and “Center for Experiments and Urban Studies – CEUS”. On December 8, 2021, an online conference entitled "Let's plan garden communities together" was organized in cooperation with the office of the Chief urbanist of the city of Belgrade. The conference looked at the possibilities of encouraging urban agriculture and garden communities in Belgrade, with the support of citizens' associations from the Netherlands (Studio Blok 74, Placemaking Western Balkans association) and Croatia (“Parkticipacija”, “Zona 00”).
The direct involvement of citizens was realized in the student work "Roof garden - integral urban garden project", aiming to strengthen and activate the local housing community and rehabilitate flat roofs on residential buildings. An online survey of the 67 citizens of Block 37 was conducted.
There are two significant impacts of including civil society:
1) During the public review of the Draft of amendments and additions to the General Regulation Plan for the construction area of Belgrade, civil associations have proposed including community gardens in the planning solution. The Planning Commission of the Belgrade City Assembly accepted the initiative in February 2022;
2) Cooperation between the faculty and civil society continued through the work of the Belgrade Living Urban Laboratory (BELLAB), which brings together the Secretariat for Environmental Protection, City of Belgrade, Center for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Science, Faculty of Architecture, CEUS, and Nova Iskra from the private sector. The aim is to co-create solutions in response to complex urban and climate challenges - climate resilience, promotion of a healthy city, reduction of air and soil pollution, etc. The laboratory was certified as the first Urban Living Lab in Serbia and the Western Balkans by the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL).

Please explain how different stakeholders at various levels (local, regional, national, European) were engaged in the design and implementation of the initiative.
Representatives of the administration and public companies of the city of Belgrade, as well as academia, were involved in the working process:
1) Office of Chief urbanist of the city of Belgrade expressed willingness to support the initiative of implementing the concept of community gardens in strategic and regulatory;
2) Secretariat for Agriculture considered the possibility of implementing community gardens through agricultural activities in the territory of the city of Belgrade, as well as the possibility of improvements and innovations in the system of using agricultural land for the purposes of garden communities and better cooperation with other city secretariats;
3) Secretariat for Environmental Protection presented a strategic framework for encouraging urban community gardens through the regulation of green infrastructure, plans, and programs for climate change mitigation. Also, it is emphasized that defining the property-legal framework is required for the implementation of community gardens, and it is advised preparation of study with a detailed analysis of soil quality, micro-location characteristics, and the selection of locations;
4) Belgrade Land Development Public Agency expressed its intention to lease the land intended for community gardens and prepare a study that would consolidate experiences and mark locations that could be used for these purposes;
5) Belgrade Land Development Public Agency announced its intentions to lease the property intended for community gardens and to prepare a study that would compile prior research and identify potential locations for these uses.
6) Faculty of Forestry - University of Belgrade presented the results of research in three Belgrade municipalities, where the residents expressed a great interest in community gardens, and even 60% of respondents had experience in agriculture, indicating the existence of a positive attitude and inclination of citizens towards this topic.

Please explain which disciplines and/ or knowledge fields were reflected in the design and implementation of your initiative. Please explain how representatives of these different fields interacted with each other, and what the added value of this process was
One of the results of research by students of the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Belgrade indicates that Belgrade has potential and desire, but lacks communication between key actors.
Master Degree in Integral Urbanism was accredited in 2012 and since then has been gathering students of various profiles - architects, planners, sociologists, landscape architects, etc. This generation of students (2020-21) consisted of students with architecture, spatial planning, and geography background. Communication within the studio project enabled diverse types of interactions - teacher-student, student-student, student-group, and the interaction of various external partners with students individually and within a group. The continuous dialogue encouraged critical thinking, while the Conversation with external partners and the additional expertise of others led to the verification and confirmation of assumptions.
At the initiative of the Faculty of Architecture, representatives of different fields were involved in the co-creative process of work at the studio: architects, town and spatial planners, landscape architects, biologists, environmental engineers, agriculture engineers, lawyers, economists, media artists, and film producers. In addition to the joint conference, they participated in awareness-raising workshops and prepared promotional publications about community gardens (civil sector), incorporated provisions about community gardens into urban planning regulations (administration and public sector with the support of the civil sector and academia), and promoted their results in the media and at expert meetings. The incentive for action was a joint conference, and the operationalization was politically supported by the administration of Belgrade and the Chief urbanist of Belgrade.

Please highlight the innovative character of the initiative, when compared to mainstream actions in the field of the initiative
The innovative character of the initiative is reflected in the application of the co-creative process in a collaborative environment. We relied on research that promotes communicative and collaborative processes in integrated sustainable urban governance initiatives and enables the development of capacities for learning, monitoring, redefining innovation, mobilizing forces for collective action, and influencing a greater openness to experiment and a pragmatic approach. Collaborative processes operate through networks of cooperation and partnerships and are realized through co-creation. The Faculty of Architecture has taken on the task of facilitating constructive cooperation with key stakeholders in order to help define and solve common problems. The joint work encouraged going beyond the framework of institutional action to use the experiences, resources, energy, and ideas of the various actors involved, with the support of the academy.
Community gardens in themselves are not an innovation in international practice, but they are a step forward in planning practice in urban settlements in Serbia because whether something qualifies as an innovation is not determined by the source but by the context of its application. What innovations are unquestionably: 1) a collaborative learning process; and 2) a creative problem-solving process in which relevant actors acted to develop and implement innovative solutions and change urban regulation.
The co-creative process resulted in the change of urban regulations in 2022, and the study "Possibilities of Development of Community Gardens in Belgrade: From the Research of Students of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Belgrade to the Change of Regulations" was recognized by planners from practice at the 31st International Urban Planners Exhibition in 2022.

Please describe which elements of your initiative could be replicated or transferred to other places, groups of beneficiaries and contexts. This may involve, for example, aspects of the methodology, technology, processes, products, learnings, etc.
The following elements may be subject to transfer to other places:
1) Collaborative approach and co-creation: Co-creation highlights the impact potential of collaborative interaction between different actors and the possibility of creating new and innovative solutions. For a better understanding of the outcomes of co-creative processes, testing in the field of public policies is necessary. The concept of co-creation encompasses at the same time a plurality of different actors whose goal is to solve public problems, challenges, and tasks, as well as the innovative potential that appears when actors strive to solve problems and engage in a process of joint learning.
2) Spatial dimension: the spatial shaping of the problems of community gardens and an overview of their characteristics made it possible to analyze the economic, ecological, and social aspects as a whole because their complex and intertwined relationships were taken into account. The spatial aspect allowed participants—including students, instructors, officials from various institutions, members of the civil sector, academic institutions, businesses, and citizens—to communicate and work together as well as assess the city's potential and difficulties. As such it provides an opportunity to overcome the limitations of sectoral policies: climate change, urban agriculture, green infrastructure, urban planning, urban poverty, social exclusion, high unemployment, inequalities in health risks, etc.
3) Visualization and mapping of intervention areas: visualization has proven to be a powerful tool for: 1) understanding typologies of community gardens; 2) mapping of compatible intervention areas (shopping centers/possibility of using flat roofs, green surfaces, and roofs in residential blocks, green surfaces within public purpose spaces, green areas on the coast of the Sava and Danube, agricultural areas, brownfield sites, green corridors), and 3) designing integral urban projects of community gardens.

Please describe the methodology or approach used in your initiative.
The mainstays of the applied pedagogical model are the collaborative approach (cooperation with external partners) and co-creation (GreenComp recommendations).
The aim of the course, Integral Project 3_Integral Urban Strategies, is to acquaint students with an integrated approach to local development, the nature and characteristics of the planning process in a complex urban context, from the recognition of key development aspects, forces, and processes to the formulation of creative strategies for urban development management and the creation of strategic plans and projects.
The course includes a scientific and professional applied approach to the research of a complex urban context, the process of analysis and interpretation of phenomena and dynamics of changes, the identification of the institutional framework and structure, the actors of development, their interests and powers, methods of conflict resolution, the definition of possible development strategies and concrete measures, the proposal of strategic projects, recommendations for the implementation of the participatory decision-making process and action planning, and a proposal for a monitoring and evaluation mechanism of implementation.
Teaching in the course is conducted in the form of study research in a concrete, real urban context. Part of the work on the subject includes debate circles, joint public workshops, and a public exhibition and oral presentation of the final projects of students of the Faculty and external partners. Work on the subject is carried out as part of research within the Center for Research Activity AF BU - Innovation Laboratory of Sustainable Development. Teaching takes place live and in a digital format, using various online tools for collaborative work to enable constant iteration and addition of work independently or in a group and provide an overview of the entire process at all times.

Please explain what kind of global challenges the initiative addresses by providing local solutions
In conditions of rapid and unpredictable changes, urban areas face various challenges - environmental degradation and climate change, digital transition, demographic aging, migration, and social inequalities (EU Urban Agenda 2016; New Leipzig Charter, 2020) while in Serbia, urban settlements are additionally under the influence of the themes of "disappearing land in urban settlements", food availability, etc. Teaching in the studio is designed to enable proactive research and innovation in the context of the global challenges of the pandemic and climate change, but also local challenges of a specific socio-political context - shortage of urban land, food security (availability) for all residents of the city, soil and air pollution in the city center, the impact of climate change on the environment and the health of citizens, insufficient number of activities for citizens in the third age, insufficient involvement and lack of initiatives for children with special needs, heat island effect, and brownfield sites. The thematic framework of the research, therefore, focuses on integral strategic approaches to achieving sustainable urban development through supporting the development of community gardens in the city. Namely, community gardens are not a common practice in urban areas in Serbia, which suffer the greatest consequences of climate change and have the most endangered ecosystems. The themes of the student projects included the following challenges: Shortage of urban land - 2 projects on brownfield locations and 1 project on the arrangement of flat roofs; Marginalized groups (inclusion) and health - 2 projects (Inclusive Garden and School Garden); Promotion of NbS – 3 projects (festivals); Education and raising awareness - all 8 projects; and Climate change - all projects, but dominantly 3 student projects.

Please detail the scope of progress in the implementation of the initiative. This can include already demonstrated results/outputs related to the chosen Prizes category, and the already achieved benefits from the initiative for direct and indirect beneficiaries. This can also include a development plan of the initiative, with a particular attention to the steps envisaged in the year following the application, and including envisaged results and benefits from the initiative
The first external evaluation of the study work was carried out during the participation in the Conference on Urban Agriculture in Belgrade. The survey of students and teachers was positively evaluated. During the public enquiry of the Draft Plan for the General Regulation of the City of Belgrade, a remark was submitted, which "requires the mandatory application of the measures for planning and implementation of garden colonies". The objection was accepted (IX-03 number 350.12-184/2022 dated February 3, 2022, Secretariat for Urban Planning and Construction Affairs, City of Belgrade), so the Draft Plan was amended as follows: In chapter 3) Guidelines for the implementation of the plan, the following paragraphs will be added at the end of the chapter: ‘’In the process of drawing up individual plans of detailed regulation for the remaining public and other uses, it is necessary to apply the norms and rules of arrangement and construction for green areas established in the PGR of the system of green areas of Belgrade, in chapters 1.1 Urban space protection measures; 1.2 Norms in the planning of the system of green areas; 1.3 General rules for forests and forest land; 1.4 General rules for public green areas; 1.5 General rules for public green areas within other areas of public use; 1.6 Green areas within areas of public and/or other purposes; 1.7 Green areas within areas of other uses.’’
The study "Possibilities for the Development of Community Gardens in Belgrade: From Research by Students of Faculty of Architecture to Changes in Urban Regulations" (Category 07. Urban and Spatial Planning Researches, Studies, and Projects) was awarded with the First prize on 31st International Urban Planners' Exhibition. Also, student work on the theme of Garden Community Fest was exhibited at the exhibition. The exhibition was organized by the Serbian Town Planners Association and supported by the Ministry of Construction, Traffic and Infrastructure Republic of Serbia, in 2022.

Please provide documents that demonstrate the maturity level of the initiative and commitment to implement the initiative in practice (e.g.: evaluation report, final or mid-term initiative report, certification, publications, building permit, grant agreement, letter of support, partnership agreement, etc.)
Both
PDF
Web link
If relevant, please describe how your initiative contributes to developing new competences, especially in the context of the European competence framework on sustainability.
The work in the studio is characterized by the following:
Learning is focused on promoting sustainability values, such as conservation and restoration of nature, and equality and justice for all generations. The evaluation of sustainability was stimulated by the analysis of examples of different international typologies of community gardens. In this way, a better understanding of the possibility of application in the local context is enabled.
The introduction of the "community gardens" framework made it possible to see that ecological equality and justice imply human equality and justice. All student projects contain an aspect of nature promotion, with the project "Inclusive Garden" being highlighted, which is intended to strengthen the use of the senses in children with physical and emotional illnesses. For a better understanding of the complex nature of sustainability and to encourage systemic and critical thinking, students were tasked with analyzing strategies and plans, swot analysis, and stakeholder analysis. A collaborative learning process with the application of transdisciplinarity and visualization for designing future solutions was used to predict sustainable versions of the future. In a transitional post-socialist society, the necessary transformations for sustainability enable behavioral changes and institutional reforms. At the same time, in shaping and achieving transformations for more sustainable development, the active participation of a whole range of actors at the local level is necessary. The example of community gardens in Belgrade shows that political action requires the ability to positively influence the collective future by mobilizing public authority, with the support of relevant actors with whom one can cooperate and who can help achieve sustainability. This action, which is collective, focused on advocating changes in regulations and institutional obligations for sustainability.
Please attach at least 6 high resolution images or visual representations of your initiative to your application.
If you would like to upload additional documentation, please upload or write below.
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Yes

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Yes

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Yes

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Yes

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Yes

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Yes